Open challenger datasets

import oceanbench

oceanbench.__version__

'0.4.0'

Insert here the code that opens the challenger dataset as challenger_dataset: xarray.Dataset

# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2025 Mercator Ocean International <https://www.mercator-ocean.eu/>
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: EUPL-1.2

# Open XiHe 1 degree base challenger forecasts with xarray
import xarray
import oceanbench

challenger_dataset: xarray.Dataset = oceanbench.datasets.challenger.xihe_1_degree()

challenger_dataset

<xarray.Dataset> Size: 12GB
Dimensions:                          (first_day_datetime: 52,
                                      lead_day_index: 10, depth: 23,
                                      latitude: 170, longitude: 360)
Coordinates:
  * depth                            (depth) float32 92B 0.494 2.646 ... 643.6
  * lead_day_index                   (lead_day_index) int64 80B 0 1 2 ... 7 8 9
  * first_day_datetime               (first_day_datetime) datetime64[us] 416B ...
  * latitude                         (latitude) float64 1kB -79.5 -78.5 ... 89.5
  * longitude                        (longitude) float64 3kB -179.5 ... 179.5
Data variables:
    sea_water_salinity               (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 3GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 170, 360), meta=np.ndarray>
    sea_water_potential_temperature  (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 3GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 170, 360), meta=np.ndarray>
    eastward_sea_water_velocity      (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 3GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 170, 360), meta=np.ndarray>
    northward_sea_water_velocity     (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 3GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 170, 360), meta=np.ndarray>
    sea_surface_height_above_geoid   (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, latitude, longitude) float32 127MB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 170, 360), meta=np.ndarray>
Attributes:
    Conventions:                   CF-1.8
    challenger:                    xihe
    forecast_reference_time:       2024-01-02
    oceanbench_source_kind:        challenger
    oceanbench_source_name:        xihe
    oceanbench_source_resolution:  one_degree

xarray.Dataset

• Dimensions:
  • first_day_datetime: 52
  • lead_day_index: 10
  • depth: 23
  • latitude: 170
  • longitude: 360
• Coordinates: (5)
  • depth
    (depth)
    float32
    0.494 2.646 5.078 ... 541.1 643.6

    axis :

    Z

    long_name :

    Depth

    positive :

    down

    standard_name :

    depth

    units :

    m

    array([4.940000e-01, 2.645700e+00, 5.078200e+00, 7.929600e+00, 1.140500e+01,
           1.581010e+01, 2.159880e+01, 2.944470e+01, 4.034410e+01, 5.576430e+01,
           7.785390e+01, 9.232610e+01, 1.097293e+02, 1.306660e+02, 1.558507e+02,
           1.861256e+02, 2.224752e+02, 2.660403e+02, 3.181274e+02, 3.802130e+02,
           4.539377e+02, 5.410889e+02, 6.435668e+02], dtype=float32)

  • lead_day_index
    (lead_day_index)
    int64
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

    array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9])

  • first_day_datetime
    (first_day_datetime)
    datetime64[us]
    2024-01-03 ... 2024-12-25

    array(['2024-01-03T00:00:00.000000', '2024-01-10T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-01-17T00:00:00.000000', '2024-01-24T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-01-31T00:00:00.000000', '2024-02-07T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-02-14T00:00:00.000000', '2024-02-21T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-02-28T00:00:00.000000', '2024-03-06T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-03-13T00:00:00.000000', '2024-03-20T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-03-27T00:00:00.000000', '2024-04-03T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-04-10T00:00:00.000000', '2024-04-17T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-04-24T00:00:00.000000', '2024-05-01T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-05-08T00:00:00.000000', '2024-05-15T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-05-22T00:00:00.000000', '2024-05-29T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-06-05T00:00:00.000000', '2024-06-12T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-06-19T00:00:00.000000', '2024-06-26T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-07-03T00:00:00.000000', '2024-07-10T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-07-17T00:00:00.000000', '2024-07-24T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-07-31T00:00:00.000000', '2024-08-07T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-08-14T00:00:00.000000', '2024-08-21T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-08-28T00:00:00.000000', '2024-09-04T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-09-11T00:00:00.000000', '2024-09-18T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-09-25T00:00:00.000000', '2024-10-02T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-10-09T00:00:00.000000', '2024-10-16T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-10-23T00:00:00.000000', '2024-10-30T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-11-06T00:00:00.000000', '2024-11-13T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-11-20T00:00:00.000000', '2024-11-27T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-12-04T00:00:00.000000', '2024-12-11T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-12-18T00:00:00.000000', '2024-12-25T00:00:00.000000'],
          dtype='datetime64[us]')

  • latitude
    (latitude)
    float64
    -79.5 -78.5 -77.5 ... 88.5 89.5

    axis :

    Y

    long_name :

    Latitude

    standard_name :

    latitude

    units :

    degrees_north

    array([-79.5, -78.5, -77.5, -76.5, -75.5, -74.5, -73.5, -72.5, -71.5, -70.5,
           -69.5, -68.5, -67.5, -66.5, -65.5, -64.5, -63.5, -62.5, -61.5, -60.5,
           -59.5, -58.5, -57.5, -56.5, -55.5, -54.5, -53.5, -52.5, -51.5, -50.5,
           -49.5, -48.5, -47.5, -46.5, -45.5, -44.5, -43.5, -42.5, -41.5, -40.5,
           -39.5, -38.5, -37.5, -36.5, -35.5, -34.5, -33.5, -32.5, -31.5, -30.5,
           -29.5, -28.5, -27.5, -26.5, -25.5, -24.5, -23.5, -22.5, -21.5, -20.5,
           -19.5, -18.5, -17.5, -16.5, -15.5, -14.5, -13.5, -12.5, -11.5, -10.5,
            -9.5,  -8.5,  -7.5,  -6.5,  -5.5,  -4.5,  -3.5,  -2.5,  -1.5,  -0.5,
             0.5,   1.5,   2.5,   3.5,   4.5,   5.5,   6.5,   7.5,   8.5,   9.5,
            10.5,  11.5,  12.5,  13.5,  14.5,  15.5,  16.5,  17.5,  18.5,  19.5,
            20.5,  21.5,  22.5,  23.5,  24.5,  25.5,  26.5,  27.5,  28.5,  29.5,
            30.5,  31.5,  32.5,  33.5,  34.5,  35.5,  36.5,  37.5,  38.5,  39.5,
            40.5,  41.5,  42.5,  43.5,  44.5,  45.5,  46.5,  47.5,  48.5,  49.5,
            50.5,  51.5,  52.5,  53.5,  54.5,  55.5,  56.5,  57.5,  58.5,  59.5,
            60.5,  61.5,  62.5,  63.5,  64.5,  65.5,  66.5,  67.5,  68.5,  69.5,
            70.5,  71.5,  72.5,  73.5,  74.5,  75.5,  76.5,  77.5,  78.5,  79.5,
            80.5,  81.5,  82.5,  83.5,  84.5,  85.5,  86.5,  87.5,  88.5,  89.5])

  • longitude
    (longitude)
    float64
    -179.5 -178.5 ... 178.5 179.5

    axis :

    X

    long_name :

    Longitude

    standard_name :

    longitude

    units :

    degrees_east

    array([-179.5, -178.5, -177.5, ...,  177.5,  178.5,  179.5], shape=(360,))

• Data variables: (5)
  • sea_water_salinity
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 170, 360), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Salinity

    standard_name :

    sea_water_salinity

    units :

    1e-3

    Array Chunk Bytes 2.73 GiB 239.06 kiB Shape (52, 10, 23, 170, 360) (1, 1, 1, 170, 360) Dask graph 11960 chunks in 176 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • sea_water_potential_temperature
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 170, 360), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Temperature

    standard_name :

    sea_water_potential_temperature

    units :

    degrees_C

    Array Chunk Bytes 2.73 GiB 239.06 kiB Shape (52, 10, 23, 170, 360) (1, 1, 1, 170, 360) Dask graph 11960 chunks in 176 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • eastward_sea_water_velocity
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 170, 360), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Eastward velocity

    standard_name :

    eastward_sea_water_velocity

    units :

    m s-1

    Array Chunk Bytes 2.73 GiB 239.06 kiB Shape (52, 10, 23, 170, 360) (1, 1, 1, 170, 360) Dask graph 11960 chunks in 176 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • northward_sea_water_velocity
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 170, 360), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Northward velocity

    standard_name :

    northward_sea_water_velocity

    units :

    m s-1

    Array Chunk Bytes 2.73 GiB 239.06 kiB Shape (52, 10, 23, 170, 360) (1, 1, 1, 170, 360) Dask graph 11960 chunks in 176 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • sea_surface_height_above_geoid
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 170, 360), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Sea surface height

    standard_name :

    sea_surface_height_above_geoid

    units :

    m

    Array Chunk Bytes 121.40 MiB 239.06 kiB Shape (52, 10, 170, 360) (1, 1, 170, 360) Dask graph 520 chunks in 176 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

• Indexes: (5)
  • depth
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([0.49399998784065247,   2.645699977874756,   5.078199863433838,
             7.929599761962891,  11.404999732971191,  15.810099601745605,
            21.598800659179688,  29.444700241088867,   40.34410095214844,
             55.76430130004883,   77.85389709472656,   92.32610321044922,
            109.72930145263672,  130.66600036621094,  155.85069274902344,
            186.12559509277344,  222.47520446777344,   266.0403137207031,
             318.1274108886719,   380.2130126953125,   453.9377136230469,
             541.0889282226562,   643.5667724609375],
          dtype='float32', name='depth'))

  • lead_day_index
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9], dtype='int64', name='lead_day_index'))

  • first_day_datetime
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(DatetimeIndex(['2024-01-03', '2024-01-10', '2024-01-17', '2024-01-24',
                   '2024-01-31', '2024-02-07', '2024-02-14', '2024-02-21',
                   '2024-02-28', '2024-03-06', '2024-03-13', '2024-03-20',
                   '2024-03-27', '2024-04-03', '2024-04-10', '2024-04-17',
                   '2024-04-24', '2024-05-01', '2024-05-08', '2024-05-15',
                   '2024-05-22', '2024-05-29', '2024-06-05', '2024-06-12',
                   '2024-06-19', '2024-06-26', '2024-07-03', '2024-07-10',
                   '2024-07-17', '2024-07-24', '2024-07-31', '2024-08-07',
                   '2024-08-14', '2024-08-21', '2024-08-28', '2024-09-04',
                   '2024-09-11', '2024-09-18', '2024-09-25', '2024-10-02',
                   '2024-10-09', '2024-10-16', '2024-10-23', '2024-10-30',
                   '2024-11-06', '2024-11-13', '2024-11-20', '2024-11-27',
                   '2024-12-04', '2024-12-11', '2024-12-18', '2024-12-25'],
                  dtype='datetime64[us]', name='first_day_datetime', freq=None))

  • latitude
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([-79.5, -78.5, -77.5, -76.5, -75.5, -74.5, -73.5, -72.5, -71.5, -70.5,
           ...
            80.5,  81.5,  82.5,  83.5,  84.5,  85.5,  86.5,  87.5,  88.5,  89.5],
          dtype='float64', name='latitude', length=170))

  • longitude
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([-179.5, -178.5, -177.5, -176.5, -175.5, -174.5, -173.5, -172.5, -171.5,
           -170.5,
           ...
            170.5,  171.5,  172.5,  173.5,  174.5,  175.5,  176.5,  177.5,  178.5,
            179.5],
          dtype='float64', name='longitude', length=360))

• Attributes: (6)

  Conventions :

  CF-1.8

  challenger :

  xihe

  forecast_reference_time :

  2024-01-02

  oceanbench_source_kind :

  challenger

  oceanbench_source_name :

  xihe

  oceanbench_source_resolution :

  one_degree

Evaluation configuration

region = 'global'

Evaluation of challenger dataset using OceanBench

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Sea surface height (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.075569	0.086929	0.083874	0.083770	0.083108	0.087694	0.086617	0.087244	0.091266	0.090850
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.629516	0.636869	0.643942	0.668246	0.675479	0.700981	0.676387	0.748269	0.771574	0.782860
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{surface}	0.509874	0.506096	0.515105	0.518154	0.515164	0.508288	0.508896	0.507232	0.511953	0.496532
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.132425	0.130032	0.130431	0.130566	0.131438	0.131665	0.130340	0.131368	0.130942	0.131450
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.135310	0.132380	0.133024	0.133941	0.135453	0.135281	0.134403	0.136005	0.136333	0.136181
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{50m}	0.864409	0.851218	0.842870	0.866541	0.868795	0.889805	0.880206	0.893359	0.893611	0.927459
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{50m}	0.250807	0.253708	0.254835	0.252321	0.257600	0.255010	0.250987	0.254109	0.256013	0.260855
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.121483	0.118658	0.118406	0.117651	0.118091	0.118248	0.116432	0.117560	0.116834	0.116702
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.123033	0.120131	0.120023	0.119397	0.120062	0.119532	0.118975	0.119885	0.119896	0.119823
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100m}	1.045255	1.067535	1.081008	1.086147	1.087465	1.100539	1.094565	1.131162	1.144202	1.169784
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100m}	0.181263	0.182444	0.180905	0.181367	0.181961	0.180630	0.183379	0.183679	0.185488	0.184849
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.117450	0.114243	0.113566	0.111591	0.111746	0.111557	0.109621	0.110437	0.109515	0.109292
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.122825	0.119627	0.118843	0.116680	0.116983	0.116207	0.114707	0.115596	0.115201	0.115103
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{200m}	0.886175	0.859390	0.887702	0.837639	0.876720	0.858010	0.866478	0.891511	0.871313	0.880162
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{200m}	0.145014	0.146235	0.147019	0.143319	0.144425	0.144441	0.140867	0.142450	0.140542	0.142149
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.113221	0.116323	0.114421	0.110814	0.111085	0.110694	0.110514	0.110736	0.109326	0.108753
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.119589	0.122383	0.120870	0.117452	0.118013	0.117172	0.116517	0.116841	0.115685	0.114800
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300m}	0.751672	0.712559	0.735852	0.700256	0.735342	0.730465	0.710226	0.741068	0.736088	0.735067
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300m}	0.117615	0.118940	0.121822	0.117879	0.118554	0.118929	0.114356	0.117391	0.114633	0.117269
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.110061	0.113530	0.111867	0.108114	0.108353	0.107973	0.107748	0.107695	0.106383	0.105654
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.115394	0.118263	0.117033	0.113332	0.113807	0.113368	0.113043	0.112966	0.111809	0.110683
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{500m}	0.561385	0.540223	0.548878	0.532186	0.554476	0.549658	0.536565	0.560067	0.553224	0.550036
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{500m}	0.087489	0.089602	0.088935	0.087968	0.087151	0.089152	0.085778	0.087633	0.086328	0.087875
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.100363	0.104017	0.102553	0.098796	0.099055	0.098549	0.098216	0.097616	0.096704	0.096073
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.104823	0.108302	0.107129	0.103430	0.103851	0.103348	0.102731	0.102314	0.101677	0.100783

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_mixed_layer_depth_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Mixed layer depth (m) [ocean_mixed_layer_thickness]{surface}	62.443195	62.866768	63.006474	68.685679	62.784126	63.18562	68.794848	65.969528	69.012763	63.129473

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of geostrophic currents compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_geostrophic_currents_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Meridional geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.094583	0.095533	0.096459	0.098346	0.102403	0.101973	0.09839	0.104800	0.107516	0.108460
Zonal geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.105997	0.105949	0.107966	0.108739	0.114941	0.113902	0.10958	0.116126	0.121210	0.121086

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to observations

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_observations(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.810334	0.839363	0.806478	0.843192	0.854270	0.911569	0.892912	0.914417	0.963077	0.926694
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{0-5m}	0.810882	0.836341	0.859344	0.888672	0.901629	0.920016	0.935466	0.923407	0.968202	1.000531
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{5-100m}	0.924114	0.935308	0.908732	0.959835	0.950163	0.970946	0.970757	0.995517	1.009071	1.032936
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100-300m}	0.840811	0.840125	0.818762	0.847752	0.858265	0.839335	0.868332	0.859841	0.869807	0.867981
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300-600m}	0.577784	0.560761	0.552111	0.569974	0.578757	0.571606	0.589100	0.589559	0.602502	0.589985
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{0-5m}	0.245246	0.261359	0.259272	0.282216	0.265960	0.274645	0.261403	0.256798	0.271016	0.271251
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{5-100m}	0.192638	0.201253	0.206079	0.209762	0.210435	0.208379	0.209024	0.204375	0.213557	0.218737
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100-300m}	0.127599	0.129297	0.127954	0.130167	0.130741	0.126434	0.133766	0.128421	0.130514	0.133482
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300-600m}	0.080277	0.081198	0.078730	0.081697	0.080171	0.079866	0.083429	0.082403	0.082784	0.082498
Sea level anomaly (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.056588	0.058283	0.058155	0.060175	0.061688	0.063753	0.066181	0.064913	0.067403	0.068451
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{15m}	0.218549	0.215245	0.216777	0.217601	0.216464	0.216227	0.217784	0.219063	0.218342	0.219425
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{15m}	0.196024	0.194350	0.195057	0.197449	0.196627	0.197149	0.196837	0.198220	0.197341	0.197851

Deviation of Lagrangian trajectories compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.deviation_of_lagrangian_trajectories_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9
Lagrangian trajectory deviation (km) []{surface}	10.810867	19.670742	27.389944	34.465469	41.177528	47.550205	53.696213	59.749844

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Sea surface height (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.036044	0.044922	0.046168	0.049049	0.052567	0.056760	0.059690	0.060432	0.063376	0.064595
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.456806	0.485329	0.497096	0.545564	0.569047	0.610401	0.602046	0.676691	0.688752	0.711517
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{surface}	0.246261	0.292767	0.286325	0.306899	0.314381	0.334051	0.345044	0.357038	0.365030	0.385088
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.060865	0.073833	0.083899	0.092733	0.101374	0.108565	0.115279	0.121509	0.124720	0.127940
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.065104	0.076736	0.086084	0.095822	0.104461	0.112397	0.118811	0.125906	0.130195	0.132792
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{50m}	0.761737	0.754573	0.757112	0.806685	0.824687	0.847863	0.895273	0.880185	0.884037	0.912355
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{50m}	0.127517	0.137555	0.143699	0.149087	0.160198	0.163748	0.160023	0.169230	0.175096	0.180921
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.049439	0.057787	0.065837	0.073433	0.081291	0.088902	0.095631	0.102397	0.105648	0.108966
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.052575	0.061130	0.069115	0.078250	0.084672	0.092371	0.100756	0.106838	0.110972	0.114340
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100m}	0.571857	0.607910	0.623107	0.670795	0.698669	0.740514	0.771719	0.817360	0.842196	0.869220
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100m}	0.097505	0.108115	0.107750	0.119830	0.120995	0.125386	0.128673	0.133476	0.137090	0.136376
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.042431	0.052868	0.060621	0.067779	0.075596	0.082894	0.089215	0.095494	0.098846	0.101790
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.042785	0.054371	0.062447	0.070174	0.077779	0.085111	0.091535	0.097666	0.101507	0.104409
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{200m}	0.458694	0.420572	0.430735	0.481569	0.494169	0.516047	0.556144	0.582797	0.581313	0.595458
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{200m}	0.076128	0.075435	0.074166	0.084266	0.085017	0.089152	0.095024	0.098356	0.099919	0.101102
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.064505	0.040355	0.045042	0.052831	0.057752	0.064439	0.070570	0.075956	0.078661	0.081533
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.058921	0.039786	0.044429	0.052592	0.057016	0.063348	0.069583	0.074664	0.077556	0.080460
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300m}	0.403297	0.352099	0.363387	0.404846	0.422271	0.439994	0.471952	0.499603	0.504760	0.513819
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300m}	0.066354	0.063707	0.065388	0.071355	0.073283	0.076839	0.081326	0.084157	0.085282	0.086876
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.059216	0.037278	0.041837	0.049337	0.053895	0.060106	0.065961	0.071144	0.073812	0.076607
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.053605	0.036192	0.040872	0.048383	0.052709	0.058462	0.064503	0.069326	0.072049	0.074843
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{500m}	0.317520	0.286984	0.282695	0.324623	0.333883	0.344247	0.372463	0.392884	0.396103	0.401230
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{500m}	0.054759	0.054114	0.052518	0.058087	0.057976	0.061622	0.063805	0.065678	0.065657	0.067302
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.049683	0.033505	0.037834	0.044706	0.048511	0.053578	0.058952	0.063311	0.065694	0.068140
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.044436	0.032473	0.036917	0.043897	0.047444	0.052196	0.057526	0.061693	0.064122	0.066603

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_mixed_layer_depth_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Mixed layer depth (m) [ocean_mixed_layer_thickness]{surface}	58.51427	57.82844	58.935502	64.568557	58.026652	59.007847	65.078073	62.322831	65.975971	58.858694

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of geostrophic currents compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_geostrophic_currents_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Meridional geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.080626	0.083530	0.085622	0.089027	0.094429	0.095053	0.091954	0.100409	0.103900	0.105667
Zonal geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.095508	0.097498	0.100049	0.102594	0.109591	0.109508	0.106792	0.114153	0.119366	0.119302

Deviation of Lagrangian trajectories compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.deviation_of_lagrangian_trajectories_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9
Lagrangian trajectory deviation (km) []{surface}	5.378591	10.496776	15.267379	19.995586	24.910673	29.981052	35.220493	40.672234