Open challenger datasets

import oceanbench

oceanbench.__version__

'0.4.0'

Insert here the code that opens the challenger dataset as challenger_dataset: xarray.Dataset

# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2025 Mercator Ocean International <https://www.mercator-ocean.eu/>
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: EUPL-1.2

# Open XiHe forecasts with xarray
import xarray
import oceanbench

challenger_dataset: xarray.Dataset = oceanbench.datasets.challenger.xihe()

challenger_dataset

<xarray.Dataset> Size: 2TB
Dimensions:             (first_day_datetime: 52, lead_day_index: 10, depth: 23,
                         latitude: 2041, longitude: 4320)
Coordinates:
  * depth               (depth) float32 92B 0.494 2.646 5.078 ... 541.1 643.6
  * latitude            (latitude) float32 8kB -80.0 -79.92 ... 89.92 90.0
  * lead_day_index      (lead_day_index) int64 80B 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
  * longitude           (longitude) float32 17kB -180.0 -179.9 ... 179.8 179.9
  * first_day_datetime  (first_day_datetime) datetime64[us] 416B 2024-01-03 ....
Data variables:
    so                  (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 422GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>
    thetao              (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 422GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>
    uo                  (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 422GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>
    vo                  (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 422GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>
    zos                 (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, latitude, longitude) float32 18GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>
Attributes:
    Conventions:              CF-1.8
    challenger:               xihe
    forecast_reference_time:  2024-01-02
    oceanbench_source_kind:   challenger
    oceanbench_source_name:   xihe

xarray.Dataset

• Dimensions:
  • first_day_datetime: 52
  • lead_day_index: 10
  • depth: 23
  • latitude: 2041
  • longitude: 4320
• Coordinates: (5)
  • depth
    (depth)
    float32
    0.494 2.646 5.078 ... 541.1 643.6

    axis :

    Z

    long_name :

    Depth

    positive :

    down

    standard_name :

    depth

    units :

    m

    array([4.940000e-01, 2.645700e+00, 5.078200e+00, 7.929600e+00, 1.140500e+01,
           1.581010e+01, 2.159880e+01, 2.944470e+01, 4.034410e+01, 5.576430e+01,
           7.785390e+01, 9.232610e+01, 1.097293e+02, 1.306660e+02, 1.558507e+02,
           1.861256e+02, 2.224752e+02, 2.660403e+02, 3.181274e+02, 3.802130e+02,
           4.539377e+02, 5.410889e+02, 6.435668e+02], dtype=float32)

  • latitude
    (latitude)
    float32
    -80.0 -79.92 -79.83 ... 89.92 90.0

    axis :

    Y

    long_name :

    Latitude

    standard_name :

    latitude

    units :

    degrees_north

    array([-80.      , -79.916664, -79.833336, ...,  89.83334 ,  89.91667 ,
            90.      ], shape=(2041,), dtype=float32)

  • lead_day_index
    (lead_day_index)
    int64
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

    array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9])

  • longitude
    (longitude)
    float32
    -180.0 -179.9 ... 179.8 179.9

    axis :

    X

    long_name :

    Longitude

    standard_name :

    longitude

    units :

    degrees_east

    array([-180.     , -179.91667, -179.83333, ...,  179.75   ,  179.83334,
            179.91669], shape=(4320,), dtype=float32)

  • first_day_datetime
    (first_day_datetime)
    datetime64[us]
    2024-01-03 ... 2024-12-25

    array(['2024-01-03T00:00:00.000000', '2024-01-10T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-01-17T00:00:00.000000', '2024-01-24T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-01-31T00:00:00.000000', '2024-02-07T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-02-14T00:00:00.000000', '2024-02-21T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-02-28T00:00:00.000000', '2024-03-06T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-03-13T00:00:00.000000', '2024-03-20T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-03-27T00:00:00.000000', '2024-04-03T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-04-10T00:00:00.000000', '2024-04-17T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-04-24T00:00:00.000000', '2024-05-01T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-05-08T00:00:00.000000', '2024-05-15T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-05-22T00:00:00.000000', '2024-05-29T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-06-05T00:00:00.000000', '2024-06-12T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-06-19T00:00:00.000000', '2024-06-26T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-07-03T00:00:00.000000', '2024-07-10T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-07-17T00:00:00.000000', '2024-07-24T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-07-31T00:00:00.000000', '2024-08-07T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-08-14T00:00:00.000000', '2024-08-21T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-08-28T00:00:00.000000', '2024-09-04T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-09-11T00:00:00.000000', '2024-09-18T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-09-25T00:00:00.000000', '2024-10-02T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-10-09T00:00:00.000000', '2024-10-16T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-10-23T00:00:00.000000', '2024-10-30T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-11-06T00:00:00.000000', '2024-11-13T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-11-20T00:00:00.000000', '2024-11-27T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-12-04T00:00:00.000000', '2024-12-11T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-12-18T00:00:00.000000', '2024-12-25T00:00:00.000000'],
          dtype='datetime64[us]')

• Data variables: (5)
  • so
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Salinity

    standard_name :

    sea_water_salinity

    units :

    1e-3

    Array Chunk Bytes 392.84 GiB 512.00 kiB Shape (52, 10, 23, 2041, 4320) (1, 1, 1, 256, 512) Dask graph 861120 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • thetao
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Temperature

    standard_name :

    sea_water_potential_temperature

    units :

    degrees_C

    Array Chunk Bytes 392.84 GiB 512.00 kiB Shape (52, 10, 23, 2041, 4320) (1, 1, 1, 256, 512) Dask graph 861120 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • uo
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Eastward velocity

    standard_name :

    eastward_sea_water_velocity

    units :

    m s-1

    Array Chunk Bytes 392.84 GiB 512.00 kiB Shape (52, 10, 23, 2041, 4320) (1, 1, 1, 256, 512) Dask graph 861120 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • vo
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Northward velocity

    standard_name :

    northward_sea_water_velocity

    units :

    m s-1

    Array Chunk Bytes 392.84 GiB 512.00 kiB Shape (52, 10, 23, 2041, 4320) (1, 1, 1, 256, 512) Dask graph 861120 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • zos
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Sea surface height

    standard_name :

    sea_surface_height_above_geoid

    units :

    m

    Array Chunk Bytes 17.08 GiB 512.00 kiB Shape (52, 10, 2041, 4320) (1, 1, 256, 512) Dask graph 37440 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

• Indexes: (5)
  • depth
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([0.49399998784065247,   2.645699977874756,   5.078199863433838,
             7.929599761962891,  11.404999732971191,  15.810099601745605,
            21.598800659179688,  29.444700241088867,   40.34410095214844,
             55.76430130004883,   77.85389709472656,   92.32610321044922,
            109.72930145263672,  130.66600036621094,  155.85069274902344,
            186.12559509277344,  222.47520446777344,   266.0403137207031,
             318.1274108886719,   380.2130126953125,   453.9377136230469,
             541.0889282226562,   643.5667724609375],
          dtype='float32', name='depth'))

  • latitude
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([             -80.0, -79.91666412353516, -79.83333587646484,
                       -79.75, -79.66666412353516, -79.58333587646484,
                        -79.5, -79.41666412353516, -79.33333587646484,
                       -79.25,
           ...
                        89.25,  89.33334350585938,  89.41667175292969,
                         89.5,  89.58334350585938,  89.66667175292969,
                        89.75,  89.83334350585938,  89.91667175292969,
                         90.0],
          dtype='float32', name='latitude', length=2041))

  • lead_day_index
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9], dtype='int64', name='lead_day_index'))

  • longitude
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([            -180.0, -179.9166717529297, -179.8333282470703,
                      -179.75, -179.6666717529297, -179.5833282470703,
                       -179.5, -179.4166717529297, -179.3333282470703,
                      -179.25,
           ...
           179.16668701171875,             179.25, 179.33334350585938,
           179.41668701171875,              179.5, 179.58334350585938,
           179.66668701171875,             179.75, 179.83334350585938,
           179.91668701171875],
          dtype='float32', name='longitude', length=4320))

  • first_day_datetime
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(DatetimeIndex(['2024-01-03', '2024-01-10', '2024-01-17', '2024-01-24',
                   '2024-01-31', '2024-02-07', '2024-02-14', '2024-02-21',
                   '2024-02-28', '2024-03-06', '2024-03-13', '2024-03-20',
                   '2024-03-27', '2024-04-03', '2024-04-10', '2024-04-17',
                   '2024-04-24', '2024-05-01', '2024-05-08', '2024-05-15',
                   '2024-05-22', '2024-05-29', '2024-06-05', '2024-06-12',
                   '2024-06-19', '2024-06-26', '2024-07-03', '2024-07-10',
                   '2024-07-17', '2024-07-24', '2024-07-31', '2024-08-07',
                   '2024-08-14', '2024-08-21', '2024-08-28', '2024-09-04',
                   '2024-09-11', '2024-09-18', '2024-09-25', '2024-10-02',
                   '2024-10-09', '2024-10-16', '2024-10-23', '2024-10-30',
                   '2024-11-06', '2024-11-13', '2024-11-20', '2024-11-27',
                   '2024-12-04', '2024-12-11', '2024-12-18', '2024-12-25'],
                  dtype='datetime64[us]', name='first_day_datetime', freq=None))

• Attributes: (5)

  Conventions :

  CF-1.8

  challenger :

  xihe

  forecast_reference_time :

  2024-01-02

  oceanbench_source_kind :

  challenger

  oceanbench_source_name :

  xihe

Evaluation configuration

region = 'global'

Evaluation of challenger dataset using OceanBench

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Sea surface height (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.079404	0.084570	0.083655	0.083155	0.082668	0.086323	0.085116	0.086116	0.087871	0.088633
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.642078	0.630589	0.639373	0.662038	0.658628	0.678878	0.656214	0.713781	0.746922	0.764082
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{surface}	0.450240	0.444708	0.452250	0.453192	0.455944	0.447817	0.444329	0.445900	0.451845	0.441623
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.124432	0.122269	0.122663	0.122498	0.123204	0.123286	0.122111	0.122967	0.122267	0.122666
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.126620	0.123986	0.124586	0.124914	0.126313	0.126108	0.125265	0.126622	0.126409	0.126144
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{50m}	0.812323	0.822103	0.819214	0.827561	0.824755	0.854976	0.800044	0.856741	0.877033	0.913617
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{50m}	0.233274	0.234960	0.233607	0.232320	0.235580	0.233853	0.233501	0.234280	0.236088	0.238660
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.114245	0.111926	0.111724	0.110768	0.111298	0.111137	0.109894	0.110750	0.109951	0.109751
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.115729	0.112830	0.112447	0.111365	0.112381	0.111809	0.110688	0.111685	0.111305	0.111382
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100m}	0.961725	0.985051	0.996364	1.005150	0.995465	1.014884	1.006962	1.030521	1.048111	1.073882
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100m}	0.171785	0.172537	0.171436	0.171296	0.172528	0.171194	0.173465	0.173119	0.176340	0.175945
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.110221	0.107439	0.106674	0.104741	0.104816	0.104560	0.102927	0.103672	0.102716	0.102264
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.114949	0.111968	0.111129	0.109172	0.109277	0.108498	0.107382	0.108192	0.107450	0.107447
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{200m}	0.848494	0.810880	0.837145	0.794604	0.834197	0.837702	0.832909	0.859498	0.838979	0.852916
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{200m}	0.136897	0.137835	0.138796	0.135441	0.136361	0.136546	0.133320	0.135007	0.133252	0.134970
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.104601	0.107321	0.105244	0.102324	0.102229	0.102094	0.102286	0.102367	0.101061	0.100317
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.110874	0.113634	0.111909	0.109115	0.109422	0.108783	0.108161	0.108643	0.107578	0.106735
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300m}	0.716993	0.673908	0.697012	0.665897	0.695875	0.708522	0.686395	0.710194	0.702229	0.705169
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300m}	0.109652	0.110608	0.113153	0.109796	0.109973	0.110782	0.106835	0.109287	0.106906	0.109681
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.101097	0.104090	0.102158	0.099268	0.099119	0.099035	0.099174	0.099005	0.097811	0.096928
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.105777	0.108664	0.107129	0.104188	0.104370	0.104082	0.103865	0.104049	0.102868	0.101842
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{500m}	0.511951	0.490528	0.500731	0.483256	0.505428	0.507597	0.495813	0.511776	0.508040	0.507368
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{500m}	0.079422	0.081652	0.080785	0.080285	0.079079	0.080985	0.077627	0.079534	0.078335	0.080168
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.091928	0.095189	0.093422	0.090601	0.090249	0.090064	0.090029	0.089425	0.088611	0.087802
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.095789	0.099104	0.097637	0.094800	0.094736	0.094451	0.094148	0.093962	0.093177	0.092353

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_mixed_layer_depth_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Mixed layer depth (m) [ocean_mixed_layer_thickness]{surface}	71.619637	66.50782	68.175659	71.568146	65.759598	66.795723	71.57148	73.27829	76.002533	64.357063

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of geostrophic currents compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_geostrophic_currents_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Meridional geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.548426	0.571727	0.564742	0.567650	0.558637	0.553808	0.523324	0.563441	0.571455	0.552669
Zonal geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.657094	0.680070	0.669970	0.649736	0.647575	0.633854	0.597728	0.613680	0.635805	0.632746

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to observations

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_observations(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.827681	0.850135	0.825018	0.864820	0.886349	0.935867	0.915200	0.942167	0.982418	0.959814
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{0-5m}	0.790706	0.826710	0.847602	0.887060	0.912828	0.922657	0.921889	0.919485	0.966517	0.998555
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{5-100m}	0.918791	0.942303	0.917347	0.968459	0.973882	0.990037	0.984000	1.011819	1.019024	1.050631
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100-300m}	0.809930	0.824450	0.795232	0.831337	0.837570	0.821245	0.841779	0.836520	0.855257	0.855931
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300-600m}	0.543093	0.538368	0.528825	0.538841	0.543478	0.550186	0.560908	0.566489	0.584120	0.570380
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{0-5m}	0.269382	0.293226	0.293964	0.304462	0.287155	0.299249	0.272486	0.278354	0.305268	0.303121
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{5-100m}	0.248634	0.250597	0.249743	0.255119	0.267397	0.250162	0.254363	0.252794	0.259799	0.261310
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100-300m}	0.137681	0.135892	0.131146	0.140599	0.136592	0.132864	0.142001	0.136247	0.134200	0.137226
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300-600m}	0.080870	0.082628	0.079516	0.081017	0.079216	0.079789	0.082040	0.082919	0.083415	0.083495
Sea level anomaly (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.054363	0.055488	0.056390	0.059203	0.060995	0.063485	0.065997	0.065554	0.067905	0.069092
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{15m}	0.218455	0.215305	0.217684	0.217741	0.216582	0.216584	0.218436	0.219323	0.218594	0.220536
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{15m}	0.199061	0.196908	0.197786	0.199661	0.199683	0.200544	0.199650	0.200301	0.199249	0.200112

Deviation of Lagrangian trajectories compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.deviation_of_lagrangian_trajectories_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9
Lagrangian trajectory deviation (km) []{surface}	11.914344	23.026192	33.362679	43.126549	52.474358	61.364708	69.865959	78.120132

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Sea surface height (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.035551	0.043190	0.045651	0.048727	0.052177	0.056301	0.059414	0.060321	0.062903	0.064329
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.454202	0.486987	0.497021	0.547273	0.570087	0.612887	0.604224	0.672931	0.692320	0.720711
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{surface}	0.259571	0.308280	0.298078	0.316531	0.325396	0.349453	0.360162	0.375083	0.387104	0.405881
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.060879	0.073777	0.083883	0.092683	0.101338	0.108449	0.115101	0.121287	0.124526	0.127748
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.065079	0.076587	0.086170	0.095918	0.104602	0.112450	0.118844	0.125851	0.129877	0.132720
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{50m}	0.547107	0.604393	0.608878	0.653831	0.681978	0.735985	0.721259	0.773058	0.791627	0.842497
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{50m}	0.112799	0.128895	0.129270	0.142911	0.147995	0.153805	0.158284	0.163890	0.170335	0.169095
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.047347	0.057714	0.066332	0.073866	0.082299	0.089716	0.096668	0.103518	0.106983	0.110337
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.048232	0.058225	0.066741	0.075343	0.083408	0.091131	0.098781	0.105549	0.109720	0.113530
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100m}	0.561607	0.603770	0.623086	0.673661	0.700415	0.745735	0.772834	0.815991	0.842215	0.872446
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100m}	0.096557	0.108344	0.108355	0.120298	0.121426	0.126584	0.130387	0.134046	0.138397	0.137320
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.042023	0.052609	0.060562	0.067902	0.075620	0.082854	0.089248	0.095467	0.098813	0.101693
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.042201	0.054010	0.062155	0.069973	0.077628	0.084793	0.091232	0.097486	0.101231	0.104175
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{200m}	0.450583	0.414833	0.422731	0.480148	0.492359	0.515109	0.553035	0.581673	0.581170	0.595240
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{200m}	0.075169	0.074562	0.073735	0.083805	0.084987	0.088828	0.095038	0.098577	0.100267	0.101284
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.063987	0.040038	0.044957	0.052811	0.057689	0.064314	0.070551	0.075851	0.078556	0.081415
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.058770	0.039496	0.044433	0.052433	0.057078	0.063328	0.069573	0.074598	0.077434	0.080275
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300m}	0.398476	0.350897	0.359088	0.404292	0.420920	0.440539	0.471224	0.500090	0.504076	0.513400
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300m}	0.065255	0.062836	0.064310	0.071046	0.072948	0.076795	0.081262	0.084431	0.085381	0.087187
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.058759	0.037033	0.041760	0.049300	0.053811	0.059927	0.065901	0.070987	0.073615	0.076403
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.053356	0.035994	0.040882	0.048322	0.052820	0.058552	0.064537	0.069319	0.072076	0.074811
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{500m}	0.314704	0.285983	0.283610	0.325199	0.333044	0.343778	0.370636	0.390765	0.395176	0.401021
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{500m}	0.053945	0.053107	0.052125	0.057572	0.057600	0.061271	0.063637	0.065531	0.065629	0.067448
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.049193	0.033147	0.037709	0.044652	0.048497	0.053562	0.058969	0.063243	0.065622	0.068080
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.044174	0.032260	0.036767	0.043803	0.047444	0.052221	0.057476	0.061622	0.064023	0.066487

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_mixed_layer_depth_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Mixed layer depth (m) [ocean_mixed_layer_thickness]{surface}	62.709129	57.64518	59.842766	62.855515	57.727139	58.787025	63.137222	64.407219	66.715141	56.990433

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of geostrophic currents compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_geostrophic_currents_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Meridional geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.661467	0.686062	0.677284	0.678249	0.672306	0.66437	0.640531	0.669968	0.679082	0.656537
Zonal geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.788226	0.799892	0.783338	0.766771	0.778300	0.76961	0.715820	0.739305	0.754964	0.748756

Deviation of Lagrangian trajectories compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.deviation_of_lagrangian_trajectories_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9
Lagrangian trajectory deviation (km) []{surface}	5.652573	11.56456	17.548149	23.808969	30.475452	37.451015	44.686951	52.148106