Open challenger datasets

import oceanbench

oceanbench.__version__

'0.4.0'

Insert here the code that opens the challenger dataset as challenger_dataset: xarray.Dataset

# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2025 Mercator Ocean International <https://www.mercator-ocean.eu/>
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: EUPL-1.2

# Open WenHai forecasts with xarray
import xarray
import oceanbench

challenger_dataset: xarray.Dataset = oceanbench.datasets.challenger.wenhai()

challenger_dataset

<xarray.Dataset> Size: 2TB
Dimensions:             (first_day_datetime: 52, lead_day_index: 10, depth: 23,
                         latitude: 2041, longitude: 4320)
Coordinates:
  * depth               (depth) float32 92B 0.494 2.646 5.078 ... 541.1 643.6
  * latitude            (latitude) float32 8kB -80.0 -79.92 ... 89.92 90.0
  * lead_day_index      (lead_day_index) int64 80B 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
  * longitude           (longitude) float32 17kB -180.0 -179.9 ... 179.8 179.9
  * first_day_datetime  (first_day_datetime) datetime64[us] 416B 2024-01-03 ....
Data variables:
    so                  (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 422GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>
    thetao              (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 422GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>
    uo                  (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 422GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>
    vo                  (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 422GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>
    zos                 (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, latitude, longitude) float32 18GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>
Attributes:
    Conventions:              CF-1.8
    challenger:               wenhai
    forecast_reference_time:  2024-01-02
    oceanbench_source_kind:   challenger
    oceanbench_source_name:   wenhai

xarray.Dataset

• Dimensions:
  • first_day_datetime: 52
  • lead_day_index: 10
  • depth: 23
  • latitude: 2041
  • longitude: 4320
• Coordinates: (5)
  • depth
    (depth)
    float32
    0.494 2.646 5.078 ... 541.1 643.6

    axis :

    Z

    long_name :

    Depth

    positive :

    down

    standard_name :

    depth

    units :

    m

    array([4.940250e-01, 2.645669e+00, 5.078224e+00, 7.929560e+00, 1.140500e+01,
           1.581007e+01, 2.159882e+01, 2.944473e+01, 4.034405e+01, 5.576429e+01,
           7.785385e+01, 9.232607e+01, 1.097293e+02, 1.306660e+02, 1.558507e+02,
           1.861256e+02, 2.224752e+02, 2.660403e+02, 3.181274e+02, 3.802130e+02,
           4.539377e+02, 5.410889e+02, 6.435668e+02], dtype=float32)

  • latitude
    (latitude)
    float32
    -80.0 -79.92 -79.83 ... 89.92 90.0

    axis :

    Y

    long_name :

    Latitude

    standard_name :

    latitude

    units :

    degrees_north

    array([-80.      , -79.916664, -79.833336, ...,  89.83334 ,  89.91667 ,
            90.      ], shape=(2041,), dtype=float32)

  • lead_day_index
    (lead_day_index)
    int64
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

    array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9])

  • longitude
    (longitude)
    float32
    -180.0 -179.9 ... 179.8 179.9

    axis :

    X

    long_name :

    Longitude

    standard_name :

    longitude

    units :

    degrees_east

    array([-180.     , -179.91667, -179.83333, ...,  179.75   ,  179.83334,
            179.91669], shape=(4320,), dtype=float32)

  • first_day_datetime
    (first_day_datetime)
    datetime64[us]
    2024-01-03 ... 2024-12-25

    array(['2024-01-03T00:00:00.000000', '2024-01-10T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-01-17T00:00:00.000000', '2024-01-24T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-01-31T00:00:00.000000', '2024-02-07T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-02-14T00:00:00.000000', '2024-02-21T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-02-28T00:00:00.000000', '2024-03-06T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-03-13T00:00:00.000000', '2024-03-20T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-03-27T00:00:00.000000', '2024-04-03T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-04-10T00:00:00.000000', '2024-04-17T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-04-24T00:00:00.000000', '2024-05-01T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-05-08T00:00:00.000000', '2024-05-15T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-05-22T00:00:00.000000', '2024-05-29T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-06-05T00:00:00.000000', '2024-06-12T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-06-19T00:00:00.000000', '2024-06-26T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-07-03T00:00:00.000000', '2024-07-10T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-07-17T00:00:00.000000', '2024-07-24T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-07-31T00:00:00.000000', '2024-08-07T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-08-14T00:00:00.000000', '2024-08-21T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-08-28T00:00:00.000000', '2024-09-04T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-09-11T00:00:00.000000', '2024-09-18T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-09-25T00:00:00.000000', '2024-10-02T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-10-09T00:00:00.000000', '2024-10-16T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-10-23T00:00:00.000000', '2024-10-30T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-11-06T00:00:00.000000', '2024-11-13T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-11-20T00:00:00.000000', '2024-11-27T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-12-04T00:00:00.000000', '2024-12-11T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-12-18T00:00:00.000000', '2024-12-25T00:00:00.000000'],
          dtype='datetime64[us]')

• Data variables: (5)
  • so
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Salinity

    longitudeg_name :

    Salinity

    standard_name :

    sea_water_salinity

    units :

    1e-3

    Array Chunk Bytes 392.84 GiB 512.00 kiB Shape (52, 10, 23, 2041, 4320) (1, 1, 1, 256, 512) Dask graph 861120 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • thetao
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Temperature

    longitudeg_name :

    Temperature

    standard_name :

    sea_water_potential_temperature

    units :

    degrees_C

    Array Chunk Bytes 392.84 GiB 512.00 kiB Shape (52, 10, 23, 2041, 4320) (1, 1, 1, 256, 512) Dask graph 861120 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • uo
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Eastward velocity

    longitudeg_name :

    Eastward velocity

    standard_name :

    eastward_sea_water_velocity

    units :

    m s-1

    Array Chunk Bytes 392.84 GiB 512.00 kiB Shape (52, 10, 23, 2041, 4320) (1, 1, 1, 256, 512) Dask graph 861120 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • vo
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Northward velocity

    longitudeg_name :

    Northward velocity

    standard_name :

    northward_sea_water_velocity

    units :

    m s-1

    Array Chunk Bytes 392.84 GiB 512.00 kiB Shape (52, 10, 23, 2041, 4320) (1, 1, 1, 256, 512) Dask graph 861120 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • zos
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Sea surface height

    longitudeg_name :

    Sea surface height

    standard_name :

    sea_surface_height_above_geoid

    units :

    m

    Array Chunk Bytes 17.08 GiB 512.00 kiB Shape (52, 10, 2041, 4320) (1, 1, 256, 512) Dask graph 37440 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

• Indexes: (5)
  • depth
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([0.49402499198913574,  2.6456689834594727,   5.078224182128906,
              7.92956018447876,  11.404999732971191,  15.810070037841797,
            21.598819732666016,  29.444730758666992,  40.344051361083984,
             55.76428985595703,   77.85385131835938,    92.3260726928711,
            109.72930145263672,  130.66600036621094,  155.85069274902344,
            186.12559509277344,  222.47520446777344,   266.0403137207031,
             318.1274108886719,   380.2130126953125,   453.9377136230469,
             541.0889282226562,   643.5667724609375],
          dtype='float32', name='depth'))

  • latitude
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([             -80.0, -79.91666412353516, -79.83333587646484,
                       -79.75, -79.66666412353516, -79.58333587646484,
                        -79.5, -79.41666412353516, -79.33333587646484,
                       -79.25,
           ...
                        89.25,  89.33334350585938,  89.41667175292969,
                         89.5,  89.58334350585938,  89.66667175292969,
                        89.75,  89.83334350585938,  89.91667175292969,
                         90.0],
          dtype='float32', name='latitude', length=2041))

  • lead_day_index
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9], dtype='int64', name='lead_day_index'))

  • longitude
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([            -180.0, -179.9166717529297, -179.8333282470703,
                      -179.75, -179.6666717529297, -179.5833282470703,
                       -179.5, -179.4166717529297, -179.3333282470703,
                      -179.25,
           ...
           179.16668701171875,             179.25, 179.33334350585938,
           179.41668701171875,              179.5, 179.58334350585938,
           179.66668701171875,             179.75, 179.83334350585938,
           179.91668701171875],
          dtype='float32', name='longitude', length=4320))

  • first_day_datetime
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(DatetimeIndex(['2024-01-03', '2024-01-10', '2024-01-17', '2024-01-24',
                   '2024-01-31', '2024-02-07', '2024-02-14', '2024-02-21',
                   '2024-02-28', '2024-03-06', '2024-03-13', '2024-03-20',
                   '2024-03-27', '2024-04-03', '2024-04-10', '2024-04-17',
                   '2024-04-24', '2024-05-01', '2024-05-08', '2024-05-15',
                   '2024-05-22', '2024-05-29', '2024-06-05', '2024-06-12',
                   '2024-06-19', '2024-06-26', '2024-07-03', '2024-07-10',
                   '2024-07-17', '2024-07-24', '2024-07-31', '2024-08-07',
                   '2024-08-14', '2024-08-21', '2024-08-28', '2024-09-04',
                   '2024-09-11', '2024-09-18', '2024-09-25', '2024-10-02',
                   '2024-10-09', '2024-10-16', '2024-10-23', '2024-10-30',
                   '2024-11-06', '2024-11-13', '2024-11-20', '2024-11-27',
                   '2024-12-04', '2024-12-11', '2024-12-18', '2024-12-25'],
                  dtype='datetime64[us]', name='first_day_datetime', freq=None))

• Attributes: (5)

  Conventions :

  CF-1.8

  challenger :

  wenhai

  forecast_reference_time :

  2024-01-02

  oceanbench_source_kind :

  challenger

  oceanbench_source_name :

  wenhai

Evaluation configuration

region = 'ibi'

Evaluation of challenger dataset using OceanBench

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Sea surface height (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.060591	0.063832	0.063980	0.065192	0.066426	0.067337	0.067072	0.069064	0.072378	0.073744
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.448293	0.451662	0.452608	0.457588	0.464182	0.478132	0.490819	0.510272	0.530472	0.552667
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{surface}	0.253483	0.253370	0.254010	0.254159	0.255871	0.257420	0.259366	0.262436	0.263714	0.266898
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.097951	0.097552	0.097529	0.098414	0.098746	0.099568	0.100832	0.102341	0.104778	0.106128
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.101068	0.100421	0.100383	0.101735	0.102342	0.104293	0.105934	0.108460	0.110185	0.112538
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{50m}	0.697629	0.695794	0.694643	0.693946	0.695250	0.697777	0.701465	0.705401	0.707922	0.709793
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{50m}	0.192255	0.191911	0.191697	0.191650	0.191865	0.192215	0.192637	0.193128	0.193530	0.193878
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.093628	0.093251	0.093174	0.093423	0.093485	0.093636	0.094005	0.094556	0.094970	0.095443
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.096517	0.095984	0.095972	0.096120	0.096246	0.096516	0.096981	0.097423	0.097681	0.098167
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100m}	0.740167	0.738255	0.737048	0.736560	0.736985	0.738169	0.739888	0.742087	0.742970	0.743495
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100m}	0.195931	0.195210	0.194771	0.194610	0.194759	0.195002	0.195433	0.195934	0.196059	0.196249
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.090057	0.089671	0.089552	0.089584	0.089630	0.089705	0.089904	0.090192	0.090332	0.090599
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.092231	0.091803	0.091596	0.091585	0.091704	0.091950	0.092300	0.092596	0.092758	0.092870
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{200m}	0.661294	0.660111	0.659337	0.659000	0.658984	0.659535	0.660515	0.661488	0.661503	0.661422
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{200m}	0.136915	0.136706	0.136665	0.136768	0.136933	0.137250	0.137666	0.138044	0.138288	0.138534
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.084527	0.084121	0.083894	0.083751	0.083704	0.083705	0.083799	0.083929	0.083867	0.083833
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.085794	0.085463	0.085297	0.085246	0.085332	0.085505	0.085742	0.085980	0.086032	0.086075
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300m}	0.540876	0.539870	0.539292	0.539023	0.539148	0.539561	0.540277	0.541048	0.541036	0.540942
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300m}	0.105660	0.105531	0.105549	0.105624	0.105810	0.106042	0.106306	0.106582	0.106734	0.106883
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.084085	0.083625	0.083327	0.083112	0.083012	0.082955	0.082975	0.083034	0.082940	0.082860
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.085321	0.084916	0.084654	0.084526	0.084508	0.084586	0.084717	0.084885	0.084887	0.084856
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{500m}	0.401278	0.400621	0.400447	0.400809	0.401616	0.402597	0.403846	0.405187	0.405840	0.406536
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{500m}	0.091731	0.091637	0.091642	0.091749	0.091873	0.092042	0.092253	0.092438	0.092508	0.092573
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.087071	0.086345	0.085751	0.085298	0.084979	0.084717	0.084537	0.084393	0.084165	0.083930
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.088890	0.088235	0.087701	0.087309	0.087016	0.086823	0.086702	0.086640	0.086477	0.086311

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_mixed_layer_depth_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Mixed layer depth (m) [ocean_mixed_layer_thickness]{surface}	30.342882	33.450813	35.70549	38.447365	40.797913	42.932644	45.135353	47.321426	49.059834	49.41497

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of geostrophic currents compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_geostrophic_currents_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Meridional geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.092064	0.093319	0.094201	0.096113	0.097816	0.099699	0.101631	0.103735	0.105787	0.108296
Zonal geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.091754	0.092140	0.092548	0.093410	0.094230	0.095256	0.096511	0.097667	0.098706	0.100417

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to observations

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_observations(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.477757	0.517166	0.586517	0.476392	0.500488	0.526825	0.751594	0.530867	0.565493	0.633361
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{0-5m}	0.421458	0.458195	0.399767	0.479860	0.484290	0.464155	0.565062	0.504765	0.578859	0.528861
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{5-100m}	0.653832	0.674225	0.682851	0.682514	0.769382	0.701467	0.758241	0.717472	0.734375	0.753165
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100-300m}	0.292339	0.316352	0.319875	0.305261	0.327529	0.320402	0.340458	0.306291	0.340396	0.359426
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300-600m}	0.252217	0.241441	0.231988	0.228328	0.242143	0.233656	0.257563	0.248834	0.266075	0.247318
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{0-5m}	0.668033	0.868521	0.853020	0.659528	0.627781	0.737732	0.638575	0.706206	0.897368	0.887945
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{5-100m}	0.272386	0.323225	0.333541	0.278086	0.299764	0.307661	0.292407	0.293338	0.348743	0.363429
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100-300m}	0.113593	0.095760	0.118221	0.093132	0.133671	0.115157	0.130034	0.115999	0.115401	0.142641
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300-600m}	0.044321	0.044749	0.047263	0.044586	0.050812	0.048139	0.056672	0.045572	0.049624	0.050896
Sea level anomaly (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.049726	0.049534	0.051144	0.049016	0.048643	0.049629	0.051178	0.053218	0.056978	0.056534
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{15m}	0.217829	0.219851	0.219396	0.218733	0.205274	0.218904	0.212630	0.221442	0.223626	0.223475
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{15m}	0.184728	0.185335	0.183484	0.180217	0.183845	0.183597	0.185094	0.186735	0.188743	0.188867

Deviation of Lagrangian trajectories compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.deviation_of_lagrangian_trajectories_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9
Lagrangian trajectory deviation (km) []{surface}	8.922926	17.177767	24.75407	31.742558	38.199989	44.2934	50.085266	55.701023

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Sea surface height (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.020270	0.025679	0.027736	0.031722	0.034309	0.035453	0.036068	0.039623	0.044568	0.048848
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.154277	0.211865	0.246645	0.279148	0.307483	0.343056	0.373640	0.409092	0.442317	0.475926
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{surface}	0.056226	0.082522	0.101536	0.117048	0.130903	0.143706	0.156427	0.168209	0.177638	0.186630
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.036583	0.044288	0.049870	0.056747	0.062389	0.068426	0.074877	0.080904	0.087363	0.091009
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.038321	0.045618	0.051800	0.059018	0.065000	0.072497	0.079183	0.086802	0.092462	0.097356
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{50m}	0.172279	0.234734	0.286504	0.327229	0.362840	0.396994	0.429866	0.460087	0.478697	0.498340
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{50m}	0.036921	0.050307	0.061085	0.070199	0.078403	0.086276	0.093881	0.100976	0.106487	0.111711
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.026430	0.033695	0.040142	0.046670	0.052675	0.058227	0.064363	0.070012	0.074559	0.078331
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.027226	0.034266	0.041313	0.047892	0.053660	0.059762	0.066156	0.072084	0.076342	0.080304
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100m}	0.135301	0.181456	0.220022	0.255330	0.289317	0.321656	0.352964	0.381558	0.400455	0.418263
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100m}	0.035884	0.048783	0.059656	0.069249	0.078017	0.086204	0.093983	0.101213	0.106591	0.111640
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.022396	0.029673	0.036206	0.042354	0.048187	0.053975	0.059844	0.065143	0.069137	0.072851
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.022169	0.029908	0.036546	0.042849	0.048715	0.054658	0.060551	0.066031	0.070096	0.073688
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{200m}	0.109318	0.145238	0.175387	0.202362	0.228275	0.253597	0.278416	0.300784	0.315339	0.328819
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{200m}	0.026517	0.034539	0.041501	0.047533	0.053073	0.058313	0.063347	0.067825	0.070991	0.073920
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.018545	0.025226	0.031226	0.036986	0.042625	0.048243	0.053849	0.058927	0.062583	0.065796
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.018291	0.025266	0.031403	0.037155	0.042845	0.048548	0.054137	0.059246	0.062951	0.066191
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300m}	0.093194	0.127928	0.156438	0.180953	0.203477	0.225011	0.246061	0.265180	0.278012	0.289796
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300m}	0.022452	0.029384	0.035374	0.040483	0.045063	0.049298	0.053355	0.057009	0.059677	0.062154
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.017619	0.024323	0.030339	0.036055	0.041599	0.047078	0.052502	0.057424	0.061001	0.064133
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.017373	0.024336	0.030480	0.036183	0.041796	0.047340	0.052722	0.057662	0.061249	0.064394
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{500m}	0.077986	0.111812	0.139535	0.162809	0.183565	0.202850	0.221172	0.237329	0.248301	0.258411
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{500m}	0.021269	0.028173	0.034237	0.039338	0.043714	0.047685	0.051336	0.054497	0.056780	0.058879
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.017750	0.025505	0.032155	0.038059	0.043563	0.048799	0.053851	0.058404	0.061773	0.064759
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.017576	0.025569	0.032356	0.038298	0.043822	0.049078	0.054103	0.058653	0.062027	0.064990

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_mixed_layer_depth_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Mixed layer depth (m) [ocean_mixed_layer_thickness]{surface}	22.873556	28.649326	32.736198	35.987553	38.568348	41.013191	43.121941	45.828621	47.81588	48.797081

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of geostrophic currents compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_geostrophic_currents_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Meridional geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.029079	0.039899	0.047863	0.056344	0.063432	0.070410	0.077155	0.083304	0.088767	0.093778
Zonal geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.025288	0.034630	0.042057	0.049461	0.055989	0.062216	0.068495	0.074225	0.079044	0.083590

Deviation of Lagrangian trajectories compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.deviation_of_lagrangian_trajectories_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9
Lagrangian trajectory deviation (km) []{surface}	3.260709	6.654899	10.271312	14.242874	18.553883	23.175127	28.08773	33.237717