Open challenger datasets

import oceanbench

oceanbench.__version__

'0.4.0'

Insert here the code that opens the challenger dataset as challenger_dataset: xarray.Dataset

# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2025 Mercator Ocean International <https://www.mercator-ocean.eu/>
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: EUPL-1.2

# Open LangYa 1 degree interpolated challenger forecasts with xarray
import xarray
import oceanbench

challenger_dataset: xarray.Dataset = oceanbench.datasets.challenger.langya_1_degree()

challenger_dataset

<xarray.Dataset> Size: 11GB
Dimensions:                          (first_day_datetime: 52,
                                      lead_day_index: 7, depth: 32,
                                      latitude: 170, longitude: 360)
Coordinates:
  * depth                            (depth) float32 128B 0.494 1.541 ... 541.1
  * lead_day_index                   (lead_day_index) int64 56B 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
  * first_day_datetime               (first_day_datetime) datetime64[us] 416B ...
  * latitude                         (latitude) float64 1kB -79.5 -78.5 ... 89.5
  * longitude                        (longitude) float64 3kB -179.5 ... 179.5
Data variables:
    sea_water_salinity               (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 3GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 170, 360), meta=np.ndarray>
    sea_water_potential_temperature  (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 3GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 170, 360), meta=np.ndarray>
    eastward_sea_water_velocity      (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 3GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 170, 360), meta=np.ndarray>
    northward_sea_water_velocity     (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 3GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 170, 360), meta=np.ndarray>
    sea_surface_height_above_geoid   (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, latitude, longitude) float32 89MB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 170, 360), meta=np.ndarray>
Attributes:
    Conventions:                   CF-1.8
    challenger:                    langya
    forecast_reference_time:       2024-01-02
    oceanbench_source_kind:        challenger
    oceanbench_source_name:        langya
    oceanbench_source_resolution:  one_degree

xarray.Dataset

• Dimensions:
  • first_day_datetime: 52
  • lead_day_index: 7
  • depth: 32
  • latitude: 170
  • longitude: 360
• Coordinates: (5)
  • depth
    (depth)
    float32
    0.494 1.541 2.646 ... 453.9 541.1

    axis :

    Z

    long_name :

    Depth

    positive :

    down

    standard_name :

    depth

    units :

    m

    array([4.940250e-01, 1.541375e+00, 2.645669e+00, 3.819495e+00, 5.078224e+00,
           6.440614e+00, 7.929560e+00, 9.572997e+00, 1.140500e+01, 1.346714e+01,
           1.581007e+01, 1.849556e+01, 2.159882e+01, 2.521141e+01, 2.944473e+01,
           3.443415e+01, 4.034405e+01, 4.737369e+01, 5.576429e+01, 6.580727e+01,
           7.785385e+01, 9.232607e+01, 1.097293e+02, 1.306660e+02, 1.558507e+02,
           1.861256e+02, 2.224752e+02, 2.660403e+02, 3.181274e+02, 3.802130e+02,
           4.539377e+02, 5.410889e+02], dtype=float32)

  • lead_day_index
    (lead_day_index)
    int64
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6

    array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6])

  • first_day_datetime
    (first_day_datetime)
    datetime64[us]
    2024-01-03 ... 2024-12-25

    array(['2024-01-03T00:00:00.000000', '2024-01-10T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-01-17T00:00:00.000000', '2024-01-24T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-01-31T00:00:00.000000', '2024-02-07T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-02-14T00:00:00.000000', '2024-02-21T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-02-28T00:00:00.000000', '2024-03-06T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-03-13T00:00:00.000000', '2024-03-20T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-03-27T00:00:00.000000', '2024-04-03T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-04-10T00:00:00.000000', '2024-04-17T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-04-24T00:00:00.000000', '2024-05-01T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-05-08T00:00:00.000000', '2024-05-15T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-05-22T00:00:00.000000', '2024-05-29T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-06-05T00:00:00.000000', '2024-06-12T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-06-19T00:00:00.000000', '2024-06-26T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-07-03T00:00:00.000000', '2024-07-10T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-07-17T00:00:00.000000', '2024-07-24T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-07-31T00:00:00.000000', '2024-08-07T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-08-14T00:00:00.000000', '2024-08-21T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-08-28T00:00:00.000000', '2024-09-04T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-09-11T00:00:00.000000', '2024-09-18T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-09-25T00:00:00.000000', '2024-10-02T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-10-09T00:00:00.000000', '2024-10-16T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-10-23T00:00:00.000000', '2024-10-30T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-11-06T00:00:00.000000', '2024-11-13T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-11-20T00:00:00.000000', '2024-11-27T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-12-04T00:00:00.000000', '2024-12-11T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-12-18T00:00:00.000000', '2024-12-25T00:00:00.000000'],
          dtype='datetime64[us]')

  • latitude
    (latitude)
    float64
    -79.5 -78.5 -77.5 ... 88.5 89.5

    axis :

    Y

    long_name :

    Latitude

    standard_name :

    latitude

    units :

    degrees_north

    array([-79.5, -78.5, -77.5, -76.5, -75.5, -74.5, -73.5, -72.5, -71.5, -70.5,
           -69.5, -68.5, -67.5, -66.5, -65.5, -64.5, -63.5, -62.5, -61.5, -60.5,
           -59.5, -58.5, -57.5, -56.5, -55.5, -54.5, -53.5, -52.5, -51.5, -50.5,
           -49.5, -48.5, -47.5, -46.5, -45.5, -44.5, -43.5, -42.5, -41.5, -40.5,
           -39.5, -38.5, -37.5, -36.5, -35.5, -34.5, -33.5, -32.5, -31.5, -30.5,
           -29.5, -28.5, -27.5, -26.5, -25.5, -24.5, -23.5, -22.5, -21.5, -20.5,
           -19.5, -18.5, -17.5, -16.5, -15.5, -14.5, -13.5, -12.5, -11.5, -10.5,
            -9.5,  -8.5,  -7.5,  -6.5,  -5.5,  -4.5,  -3.5,  -2.5,  -1.5,  -0.5,
             0.5,   1.5,   2.5,   3.5,   4.5,   5.5,   6.5,   7.5,   8.5,   9.5,
            10.5,  11.5,  12.5,  13.5,  14.5,  15.5,  16.5,  17.5,  18.5,  19.5,
            20.5,  21.5,  22.5,  23.5,  24.5,  25.5,  26.5,  27.5,  28.5,  29.5,
            30.5,  31.5,  32.5,  33.5,  34.5,  35.5,  36.5,  37.5,  38.5,  39.5,
            40.5,  41.5,  42.5,  43.5,  44.5,  45.5,  46.5,  47.5,  48.5,  49.5,
            50.5,  51.5,  52.5,  53.5,  54.5,  55.5,  56.5,  57.5,  58.5,  59.5,
            60.5,  61.5,  62.5,  63.5,  64.5,  65.5,  66.5,  67.5,  68.5,  69.5,
            70.5,  71.5,  72.5,  73.5,  74.5,  75.5,  76.5,  77.5,  78.5,  79.5,
            80.5,  81.5,  82.5,  83.5,  84.5,  85.5,  86.5,  87.5,  88.5,  89.5])

  • longitude
    (longitude)
    float64
    -179.5 -178.5 ... 178.5 179.5

    axis :

    X

    long_name :

    Longitude

    standard_name :

    longitude

    units :

    degrees_east

    array([-179.5, -178.5, -177.5, ...,  177.5,  178.5,  179.5], shape=(360,))

• Data variables: (5)
  • sea_water_salinity
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 170, 360), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Salinity

    standard_name :

    sea_water_salinity

    units :

    1e-3

    Array Chunk Bytes 2.66 GiB 239.06 kiB Shape (52, 7, 32, 170, 360) (1, 1, 1, 170, 360) Dask graph 11648 chunks in 175 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • sea_water_potential_temperature
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 170, 360), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Temperature

    standard_name :

    sea_water_potential_temperature

    units :

    degrees_C

    Array Chunk Bytes 2.66 GiB 239.06 kiB Shape (52, 7, 32, 170, 360) (1, 1, 1, 170, 360) Dask graph 11648 chunks in 175 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • eastward_sea_water_velocity
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 170, 360), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Eastward velocity

    standard_name :

    eastward_sea_water_velocity

    units :

    m s-1

    Array Chunk Bytes 2.66 GiB 239.06 kiB Shape (52, 7, 32, 170, 360) (1, 1, 1, 170, 360) Dask graph 11648 chunks in 175 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • northward_sea_water_velocity
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 170, 360), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Northward velocity

    standard_name :

    northward_sea_water_velocity

    units :

    m s-1

    Array Chunk Bytes 2.66 GiB 239.06 kiB Shape (52, 7, 32, 170, 360) (1, 1, 1, 170, 360) Dask graph 11648 chunks in 175 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • sea_surface_height_above_geoid
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 170, 360), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Sea surface height

    standard_name :

    sea_surface_height_above_geoid

    units :

    m

    Array Chunk Bytes 84.98 MiB 239.06 kiB Shape (52, 7, 170, 360) (1, 1, 170, 360) Dask graph 364 chunks in 175 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

• Indexes: (5)
  • depth
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([0.49402499198913574,  1.5413750410079956,  2.6456689834594727,
            3.8194949626922607,   5.078224182128906,   6.440614223480225,
              7.92956018447876,   9.572997093200684,  11.404999732971191,
            13.467140197753906,  15.810070037841797,  18.495559692382812,
            21.598819732666016,  25.211410522460938,  29.444730758666992,
             34.43415069580078,  40.344051361083984,   47.37369155883789,
             55.76428985595703,   65.80726623535156,   77.85385131835938,
              92.3260726928711,  109.72930145263672,  130.66600036621094,
            155.85069274902344,  186.12559509277344,  222.47520446777344,
             266.0403137207031,   318.1274108886719,   380.2130126953125,
             453.9377136230469,   541.0889282226562],
          dtype='float32', name='depth'))

  • lead_day_index
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], dtype='int64', name='lead_day_index'))

  • first_day_datetime
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(DatetimeIndex(['2024-01-03', '2024-01-10', '2024-01-17', '2024-01-24',
                   '2024-01-31', '2024-02-07', '2024-02-14', '2024-02-21',
                   '2024-02-28', '2024-03-06', '2024-03-13', '2024-03-20',
                   '2024-03-27', '2024-04-03', '2024-04-10', '2024-04-17',
                   '2024-04-24', '2024-05-01', '2024-05-08', '2024-05-15',
                   '2024-05-22', '2024-05-29', '2024-06-05', '2024-06-12',
                   '2024-06-19', '2024-06-26', '2024-07-03', '2024-07-10',
                   '2024-07-17', '2024-07-24', '2024-07-31', '2024-08-07',
                   '2024-08-14', '2024-08-21', '2024-08-28', '2024-09-04',
                   '2024-09-11', '2024-09-18', '2024-09-25', '2024-10-02',
                   '2024-10-09', '2024-10-16', '2024-10-23', '2024-10-30',
                   '2024-11-06', '2024-11-13', '2024-11-20', '2024-11-27',
                   '2024-12-04', '2024-12-11', '2024-12-18', '2024-12-25'],
                  dtype='datetime64[us]', name='first_day_datetime', freq=None))

  • latitude
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([-79.5, -78.5, -77.5, -76.5, -75.5, -74.5, -73.5, -72.5, -71.5, -70.5,
           ...
            80.5,  81.5,  82.5,  83.5,  84.5,  85.5,  86.5,  87.5,  88.5,  89.5],
          dtype='float64', name='latitude', length=170))

  • longitude
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([-179.5, -178.5, -177.5, -176.5, -175.5, -174.5, -173.5, -172.5, -171.5,
           -170.5,
           ...
            170.5,  171.5,  172.5,  173.5,  174.5,  175.5,  176.5,  177.5,  178.5,
            179.5],
          dtype='float64', name='longitude', length=360))

• Attributes: (6)

  Conventions :

  CF-1.8

  challenger :

  langya

  forecast_reference_time :

  2024-01-02

  oceanbench_source_kind :

  challenger

  oceanbench_source_name :

  langya

  oceanbench_source_resolution :

  one_degree

Evaluation configuration

region = 'global'

Evaluation of challenger dataset using OceanBench

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7
Sea surface height (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.072355	0.074123	0.073105	0.074049	0.075047	0.078677	0.081278
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.681663	0.668010	0.577458	0.590043	0.602815	0.653303	0.709489
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{surface}	0.579231	0.583762	0.585921	0.590226	0.594152	0.600172	0.605234
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.134316	0.133539	0.133157	0.133310	0.133173	0.143503	0.148627
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.138765	0.139022	0.139506	0.139777	0.139920	0.149008	0.153604
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{50m}	0.955094	0.955865	0.924453	0.927646	0.929680	0.974662	1.007666
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{50m}	0.252513	0.253636	0.253293	0.254057	0.254958	0.258129	0.260624
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.121343	0.120760	0.122288	0.122133	0.121850	0.130355	0.134618
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.124441	0.124628	0.126431	0.126333	0.125987	0.133202	0.137228
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100m}	1.116187	1.116822	1.113691	1.118809	1.122562	1.159047	1.184297
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100m}	0.199824	0.200046	0.200075	0.200543	0.201126	0.203035	0.204269
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.117739	0.117282	0.118970	0.118730	0.118232	0.125174	0.128675
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.124314	0.124263	0.125657	0.125301	0.124902	0.131015	0.133998
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{200m}	0.917868	0.918399	0.920450	0.922035	0.924134	0.939948	0.949710
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{200m}	0.163182	0.163263	0.163394	0.163625	0.163994	0.165336	0.166216
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.114645	0.114593	0.116510	0.116046	0.115291	0.118972	0.120240
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.121625	0.121600	0.123424	0.122625	0.121744	0.125472	0.126468
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300m}	0.774825	0.774934	0.777051	0.778265	0.780041	0.793145	0.800672
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300m}	0.135812	0.135813	0.135970	0.136157	0.136477	0.137634	0.138403
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.112051	0.111978	0.113905	0.113341	0.112562	0.115806	0.116708
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.117115	0.117096	0.118947	0.118170	0.117299	0.120397	0.121085
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{500m}	0.594508	0.595113	0.597877	0.599549	0.601588	0.611038	0.617676
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{500m}	0.102803	0.102859	0.103090	0.103358	0.103659	0.104372	0.105006
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.102802	0.102833	0.104392	0.103770	0.103034	0.105924	0.106616
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.107724	0.107770	0.109401	0.108780	0.108125	0.110406	0.110816

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_mixed_layer_depth_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7
Mixed layer depth (m) [ocean_mixed_layer_thickness]{surface}	41.384635	40.122113	37.202214	38.130149	38.928945	40.45108	41.702616

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of geostrophic currents compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_geostrophic_currents_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7
Meridional geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.067770	0.068374	0.063221	0.064393	0.065715	0.072619	0.079295
Zonal geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.071338	0.073596	0.066418	0.067293	0.068439	0.075570	0.082640

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to observations

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_observations(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.881401	0.882899	0.778328	0.807849	0.827070	0.895523	0.931393
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{0-5m}	0.868259	0.869019	0.816637	0.838810	0.835894	0.899436	0.942262
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{5-100m}	0.946703	0.923543	0.890128	0.910004	0.888289	0.947537	0.969433
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100-300m}	0.831636	0.837922	0.821593	0.826408	0.839360	0.846033	0.873484
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300-600m}	0.583342	0.587537	0.574629	0.585648	0.586175	0.605255	0.614357
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{0-5m}	0.251309	0.256866	0.256415	0.299063	0.260086	0.275261	0.267290
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{5-100m}	0.199219	0.199876	0.207717	0.203295	0.204923	0.210001	0.208600
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100-300m}	0.129182	0.129427	0.129547	0.128864	0.131052	0.130517	0.136803
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300-600m}	0.085975	0.085753	0.083998	0.086585	0.086647	0.087272	0.090062
Sea level anomaly (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.053555	0.054765	0.053180	0.054634	0.055622	0.059365	0.061678
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{15m}	0.217059	0.216391	0.217603	0.218305	0.215956	0.217347	0.221074
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{15m}	0.196616	0.195786	0.195721	0.197790	0.197057	0.199094	0.200568

Deviation of Lagrangian trajectories compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.deviation_of_lagrangian_trajectories_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6
Lagrangian trajectory deviation (km) []{surface}	11.385248	20.58136	28.617605	36.182739	43.52063

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7
Sea surface height (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.029710	0.034208	0.033452	0.037201	0.040883	0.049511	0.053944
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.455785	0.461003	0.359962	0.403999	0.442982	0.531763	0.603598
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{surface}	0.148360	0.191742	0.219090	0.241974	0.258872	0.278537	0.294199
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.104898	0.102248	0.090560	0.097282	0.103826	0.127638	0.139673
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.104834	0.105380	0.095543	0.102070	0.108863	0.130605	0.142757
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{50m}	0.435060	0.490817	0.486852	0.532356	0.576209	0.672979	0.739916
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{50m}	0.074197	0.095717	0.110318	0.123158	0.134263	0.147784	0.157489
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.082292	0.080186	0.072363	0.078878	0.085171	0.108853	0.120566
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.079401	0.080664	0.076313	0.082422	0.088669	0.109557	0.120757
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100m}	0.424057	0.489873	0.512545	0.568911	0.622104	0.729864	0.805594
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100m}	0.059920	0.077389	0.091105	0.103024	0.112933	0.124089	0.131826
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.072750	0.072087	0.066295	0.072531	0.078886	0.100712	0.111653
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.070578	0.073497	0.071825	0.078021	0.084090	0.102517	0.112292
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{200m}	0.294065	0.346260	0.382625	0.433165	0.478587	0.556913	0.606733
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{200m}	0.044607	0.059991	0.072341	0.082909	0.091651	0.101158	0.108071
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.058684	0.058708	0.054742	0.060677	0.066586	0.084949	0.094420
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.055177	0.057060	0.056548	0.062259	0.067844	0.083686	0.091810
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300m}	0.242943	0.290484	0.328534	0.373830	0.413848	0.481035	0.522883
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300m}	0.037230	0.050352	0.061026	0.069924	0.077324	0.085419	0.091434
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.054121	0.054485	0.051309	0.057161	0.062926	0.079973	0.088959
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.050825	0.052495	0.051969	0.057523	0.062872	0.077633	0.085460
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{500m}	0.178004	0.222013	0.259073	0.297334	0.330972	0.380561	0.414040
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{500m}	0.027034	0.037297	0.045836	0.052856	0.058642	0.064243	0.068770
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.045631	0.047813	0.047251	0.053029	0.058480	0.071854	0.079540
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.042648	0.045992	0.047671	0.053213	0.058356	0.069719	0.076265

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_mixed_layer_depth_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7
Mixed layer depth (m) [ocean_mixed_layer_thickness]{surface}	32.387821	31.859103	27.460562	29.607925	31.296319	33.786134	36.544927

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of geostrophic currents compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_geostrophic_currents_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7
Meridional geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.047974	0.050890	0.041394	0.044368	0.048115	0.060656	0.070863
Zonal geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.055467	0.062814	0.051673	0.053518	0.056694	0.067358	0.077156

Deviation of Lagrangian trajectories compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.deviation_of_lagrangian_trajectories_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6
Lagrangian trajectory deviation (km) []{surface}	8.157251	13.940058	18.508598	23.312422	28.489952